6 autumn hazards dogs need humans to know about

Autumnal walks are the perfect opportunity for bonding with your dog, but it's crucial for owners to understand some of the risks the season brings and how best to avoid them.

From conkers, acorns and poisonous plants to antifreeze, we've teamed up with the Blue Cross to let you know the dangers you should be aware of to avoid an expensive trip to the vet this autumn.

With additional information provided by the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) – an expert team of qualified vets, veterinary nurses and toxicologists – we're here to show you the warning signs to look out for and how you can help your dog if they become poorly or injured.

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1. Conkers and acorns

They may seem harmless at first, but conkers and acorns can choke or potentially poison your dog if swallowed.

Lodged conkers may require surgery to remove and, if ingested, can cause vomiting, diarrhoea or even death. Acorns contain tannins, which can also cause an upset stomach and occasionally kidney failure.

Other signs of poisoning include lethargy, restlessness and loss of appetite.

2. Poisonous plants and fungi

Any number of woodland plants can upset your dog's tummy, but species like the yew tree, cherry laurel, horse chestnut and autumn crocus bulbs can be particularly risky. If chewed on and ingested, these can cause dizziness, vomiting, internal bleeding and organ damage.

Keep an eye out for wild mushrooms, too. While many types are safe to eat, there's a chance your dog could consume a poisonous variety. Symptoms can vary from mild gastrointestinal upset to rapid-onset vomiting, diarrhoea, salivation and low heart rate.

The VPIS told us that some mushrooms cause hallucinations or kidney or liver damage, and that each year they get a few fatal cases of mushroom poisoning in dogs.

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3. Decaying plant matter

The mould on fallen fruit or compost, or decaying leaves and other plant matter can cause sickness, twitching and tremors.

Apples also produce alcohol when they rot, leaving your dog at risk of dizziness, vomiting and alcohol poisoning if ingested.

4. Antifreeze, rock salt and de-icers

Antifreeze and de-icing chemicals may come in handy when defrosting your car and driveway, but these can be toxic to dogs. Ingestion of large quantities of salt can also cause salt poisoning, so make sure these are stored safely away from prying puppy eyes.

The VPIS says that antifreeze can contain ethylene glycol, which can cause renal failure in pets. Initial signs of ethylene glycol poisoning are non-specific (eg vomiting and lethargy) and can be easily missed.

Some snow globes also contain antifreeze, so take care when putting up your Christmas decorations that there and no leaks or spillages.

5. Harmful seasonal food

Although Halloween is over, take care not to leave leftover chocolates lying around, as these can make your dog very poorly if consumed.

And it's not just trick-or-treat sweets to look out for. The flesh of apples is safe to eat, but the pips contain a small amount of cyanide, so remove the cores before feeding to your dog.

Other dangerous fruits include raisins, currants and sultanas – these can all cause kidney failure, so take care not to spill any while making your Christmas pudding.

If you truly can't resist the puppy-dog eyes, there are some tasty seasonal foods that are safe for your dog to snack on (as part of a balanced diet). These include unsweetened pumpkin, cooked and skinless sweet potato, cooked butternut squash, corn and carrots.

6. Traffic hazards

Road incidents can happen all year round, but the reduced visibility and poorer weather conditions at this time of year can make it hard for drivers to see you walking with your pooch.

Consider using reflective safety gear so you and your pet can keep exploring, even after it gets dark.

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What to do if you think your pet has been hurt or poisoned

Cases of severe pet poisonings in autumn are rare, but they do still happen. It's vital to know the steps to take if you suspect your pet is unwell or injured.

The VPIS recommends the following:

• If your pet is showing signs of poisoning, such as collapse, severe tremors or convulsions, take your pet to the vet immediately
• Do not try to make your pet vomit and never give them salt water (it can be lethal)
• If you are unsure if a visit to your vet is necessary, call your vet or the Animal PoisonLine (01202 509 000, charges apply) for advice.

For more information on poisoning in dogs, see advice from VPIS through its Animal PoisonLine leaflet.

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With thanks to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) and the Blue Cross for their expert information included in this article.